Description

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. It is the most abundant endogenous antioxidant in mammalian cells, playing a central role in cellular defense against oxidative stress through direct neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).

GSH serves as a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase enzymes, converting hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides to harmless products. Research has extensively studied its role in detoxification through conjugation with electrophilic compounds via glutathione S-transferases.

GSH maintains the redox state of protein thiols and is involved in regeneration of vitamins C and E. Declining GSH levels have been associated with aging and various pathological conditions in research models.